Module 1

This module explores how agriculture has evolved—from its ancient roots to today’s technological revolutions and how these changes have shaped both society and the environment. Learners will critically compare industrial, biotechnological, and ecological farming systems, uncovering their strengths and sustainability challenges.

Through the lens of wicked versus tame problems, participants will examine the complexity of agricultural sustainability and the importance of long-term thinking in resource management.

Finally, the module introduces permaculture as a nature-inspired approach to designing sustainable systems. Students will discover its ethical foundations, design principles, and unique applications across Europe, linking theory to real-world practices and policies that shape the future of sustainable agriculture.